1347 - English troops under Edward III conquer Calais, becomes strategic town for the English during Hundred Years' War
1636 - Johan Maurits is appointed governor of Dutch Brazil
1936 - American athlete Jesse Owens wins his second gold medal at the Berlin Olympics, defeating German Luz Long in the long jump final with an Olympic record
1964 - North Vietnam purportedly engages US Navy ships in the Gulf of Tonkin for a second time, resulting in US Congress passing the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, granting authority to assist any Southeast Asian nation facing "communist aggression"; a later investigation deems the second attack never happened as shipboard communications were misinterpreted
2019 - Gunman kills 9 and injures 27 at a bar in Dayton, Ohio, in the second mass shooting in 24 hours in the US

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1805 - William Rowan Hamilton, Irish astronomer and mathematician, born in Dublin, Ireland (d. 1865)
1932 - (Calvin) "Scotty" Stoneman, American bluegrass fiddler (The Stoneman Family; The Kentucky Colonels), born in Galax, Virginia (d. 1973)
1943 - Laura Biagiotti, Italian fashion designer known as the "Queen of Cashmere", born in Rome, Ita...